Stainless Steel Coil 316L Yekuvaka yekuvaka uye indasitiri yemakemikari

● Stainless steel is a steel alloy that contains at least 10% chromium, making it corrosion resistant. The addition of chromium to stainless steel creates a thin film of metal oxide over the metal's surface that protects against corrosive materials.

● A popular grade of stainless steel is stainless steel 316L is generally composed of 16 to 18% chromium, 10 to 14% nickel, 2 to 3% molybdenum, and a small percentage of carbon. Adding molybdenum to stainless steel 316L increases its corrosion resistance compared to other grades of stainless steel. The addition of other alloys further enhances its properties.

● The properties and characteristics of stainless steel 316L make it the second-most widely used stainless steel grade after stainless steel 304. It is used in corrosive environments such as chemical plants, refineries, and marine equipment.

● Stainless simbi 316L ine yakaderera kabhoni yemukati uye inoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvinoisa simbi kune njodzi dzekunzwa. Iyo yakakwira kabhoni musiyano isimbi isina simbi 316H, iyo inopa yakanyanya kugadzikana yekupisa uye inokambaira kuramba. Imwe giredhi rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya resimbi isina tsvina 316L ndiyo yakagadzikana 316LTi. Simbi isina tsvina 316LTi inopa kuramba kuri nani kune intergranular corrosion.

● Simbi isina simbi inoshandisa musimboti wekufamba, umo simbi dzinoita "passive" kana kusaita oxidation kubva kune zvinoparadza zvinowanikwa mumhepo uye zvinogadzira zvinwiwa. Passivation inoitwa nekufumura simbi isina tsvina kumhepo, uko inovaka chromium oxides pamusoro payo.

● Kuti uwedzere kuumbwa kwefirimu yepasi, iyo alloy inotangwa kune mushonga wemakemikari apo inocheneswa zvakakwana nekuinyudza mu acidic passivation baths ye nitric acid. Zvinosvibisa, senge exogenous iron kana yemahara iron compounds, zvinobviswa kuti zvisapindire mukugadzira passive layer.

● Mushure mekuchenesa nebhati ine acidic, simbi inogadziriswa mubhati yeaqueous sodium hydroxide. A descaling process inobvisa mamwe mafirimu eoxide anogadzirwa neakakwira-tembiricha ekugaya, senge kupisa-kuumba, welding, uye kupisa kupisa.

Chitsauko Chepiri - Magiredhi eSimbi isina Stainless Kuenzaniswa neStainless Simbi 316L

● Chimiro chikuru chesimbi isina tsvina 316L ndeye molybdenum inogadzirisa, iyo inowedzera kusagadzikana kwayo. Ndiyo yechipiri inonyanya kukosha yezvose austenitic simbi isina tsvina mushure megiredhi resimbi isina tsvina 304. Austenitic simbi isina tsvina inosiyaniswa kubva kune dzimwe simbi dzisina tsvina ne nickel yavo kana nitrogen content, iyo inopa austenitic simbi isina tsvina yakasiyana-siyana yekristallline structure.

● Simbi dzisina tsvina dzakakamurwa nemakemikari ayo, maitiro emuviri, metallographic chimiro, uye maitiro ekushanda. Zvigadzirwa zvavo zvemuchina zvakakamurwa kuita mhuri ina: ferrite, martensite, austenite, uye duplex, simbi isina tsvina inosanganisira misanganiswa yemhuri nhatu dzekutanga, senge martensite-ferrite kana austenite-martensite. Iyo matrix chimiro cheakasiyana simbi isina tsvina inosarudza iwo mana mapoka kana mhuri.

● Mhuri dzesimbi dzisina simbi dzakakamurwazve kuva magiredhi anotsanangura zvimiro zvealloys anoshandiswa kuzvigadzira. Magiredhi echikuru anosarudzwa nenhamba dzine manhamba matatu dzakatangwa neSosaiti yeMotokari Engineers (SAE). Kunyangwe zviziviso zvine manhamba-matatu zvakajairika, nyika zhinji dzine masisitimu adzo, neNorth America ichishandisa nhanhatu-manhamba system yakagadzwa neAmerican Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

● Pasinei nehurongwa hwekuverengera, giredhi imwe neimwe yesimbi isina tsvina inofanira kuenderana neyakatemerwa kusanganiswa kwealloys. Imwe neimwe shanduko, kugadzirisa, kana kuwedzera kune alloy kunokanganisa kushanda kwegiredhi resimbi isina tsvina. Iyo chaiyo seti yehunhu, zvivakwa, uye hunhu hwekuita zvinotarisirwa apo mhuri nemagiredhi zvinoiswa pamwechete nekuzivikanwa.
Iwo magiredhi akasiyana esimbi isina simbi ane madhigirii akasiyana ekudzivirira ngura, kusimba, kusimba, uye yakakwirira uye yakaderera-tembiricha kuita. Iyo chaiyo inotaridza magiredhi akasiyana-siyana ndeye microstructure yavo, iyo inocherechedzwa uchishandisa maikorosikopu yakaiswa pamakumi maviri neshanu magnification. Iyo microstructure yechinhu chero chipi zvacho inokanganisa zvimiro zvayo zvemuviri, senge simba, kuoma, ductility, kuomarara, kusaita ngura, hunhu hwekushisa, uye kupfeka kuramba.

● Iyo microstructure yesimbi isina tsvina 316L ine masero emagetsi ane miganhu yakasimbiswa nechromium, manganese, molybdenum, uye niobium zvinhu, izvo zvinowedzera kusagadzikana kwayo. Kuramba kwecorrosion kunovandudzwa nekuda kwe densification, iyo yakanaka cellular zvimiro, uye kupfumisa kwechromium uye molybdenum panzvimbo dzepakati.

● Austenitic Stainless Steels: Masimbi eAustenitic Stainless haasi magineti ane huwandu hwakawanda hwechromium uye nickel uye mwero wakaderera wecarbon. Iro ndiro boka guru uye rinoshandiswa zvikuru resimbi dzisina tsvina.
Austenitic Stainless steels ine face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure ine atomu imwe pakona yega yega cube uye imwe iri pakati pechiso chega chega, chimiro chezviyo chakaumbwa nekuda kwenickel iri kuwedzerwa se alloy. Iyo microstructure ye austenitic Stainless simbi inoita kuti ive yakasimba uye iwedzere ductile, kunyangwe pakupisa kwe cryogenic.

● Kana iri pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya, austenitic stainless steels hairasikirwi nesimba rayo, izvo zvinovapa zvakanakisisa kuumbwa uye weldability. Sezvo iyo austenitic chimiro ichichengetedzwa pane ese tembiricha, ivo havapindure kune kupisa kurapwa. Pane kudaro, ivo vanotonhora-basa kuvandudza kusimba kwavo, simba, kuoma, uye kusagadzikana kusagadzikana.

● The musimboti alloy ose austenitic Stainless steels is nickel, iyo inoshandiswa ose akatevedzana 300 austenitic Stainless simbi, kusanganisira mamakisi 316L uye 316L. Kana simbi isina tsvina iine nickel yakaderera uye yakakwira nitrogen content, haisisiri 300 series stainless steel. Kuvapo kwenitrogen mumasimbi asina simbi kunogumira nekuti kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa. Stainless steels ine yakaderera nickel uye nitrogen content inoiswa senhevedzano 200 Stainless steels.

Stainless Steel 300 Series

● Austenitic stainless steel 300 series are designed to resist corrosion and wear with excellent formability and exceptional strength at any temperature. The defining element of the 300 series stainless steel is nickel content in percentages of 6% up to 20%, depending on the grade of 300 series stainless steel.

● Series 304 - The most widely used of the 300 series of stainless steels is series 304, which is also the most widely used of all stainless steel alloys. It has a high tensile strength of 621 MPa or 90 Ksi with a maximum operating temperature of 1598 oF (870 oC). The many positive properties of series 304 stainless steel make it ideal for various applications.

● Series 316L - Mushure memutsara 304, mutsara 316L ndiyo yechipiri inonyanya kushandiswa simbi isina tsvina, ine simba rinotyisa re 549 MPa kana 84 Ksi uye yakanyanya kushandiswa tembiricha ye1472 oF (800 oC). Kunyangwe nhevedzano 316L ine yakaderera tembiricha simba uye tembiricha kushivirira pane akatevedzana 304, ine nani kuramba chlorides, semunyu, izvo zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo inosarudzwa yezvikumbiro zvinosanganisira chlorides nemunyu.

● Aside from its resistance to chlorides, the main difference between series 304 and series 316L is the presence of molybdenum in series 316L at percentages of 2% to 3%, which identifies series 316L as a Cr-Ni-Mo system. Adding molybdenum makes series 316L resistant to pitting caused by phosphoric acid, acetic acid, and dilute chloride solutions. The strength and toughness of molybdenum increase series 316L’s heat and wear resistance.

● Nzvimbo yekuvaka, magonhi, mahwindo nezvombo zvehondo, mamodule ekunze kwemahombekombe, matangi nemapombi ematangi emakemikari, kugadzira, kuchengetera uye kutakura kwepamusoro pevhu kwemakemikari, chikafu nezvinwiwa, pharmacy, synthetic fiber, mapepa uye machira emiti nemidziyo yekumanikidza. Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera C-mukati, kushorwa kune intergranular corrosion zvakare kunovimbiswa mune welded mamiriro.